Vorbereitung 28.11.2024

20241121/Makefile

+%.elf: %.c
+	avr-gcc -Wall -Os -mmcu=atmega328p $< -o $@
+
+%.hex: %.elf
+	avr-objcopy -O ihex $< $@
+
+download:
+	./download.sh

20241121/bits-01.txt

+a = 0011 0100
+           ^-------- möchte ich auf 1 setzen
+
+    0011 0100
+  | 0000 0010  <---- bitweises Oder mit "Maske"
+    ---------
+    0011 0110
+
+Maske herstellen: Die Zahl 1 nach links schieben
+
+    0000 0001  <---- "Bit 0 gesetzt"
+ <<         1  <---- um 1 nach links schieben
+    ---------
+    0000 0010  <---- "Bit 1 gesetzt"
+
+In C: a |= 1 << 1;
+
+
+
+a = 0011 0100
+          ^--------- möchte ich auf 0 setzen
+
+    0011 0100
+  & 1111 1011  <---- bitweises Und mit "Maske"
+    ---------
+    0011 0000
+
+Maske herstellen: Die Zahl 1 nach links schieben, danach die Bits invertieren
+
+    0000 0001  <---- "Bit 0 gesetzt"
+ <<         2  <---- um 2 nach links schieben
+    ---------
+    0000 0100  <---- "Bit 2 gesetzt"
+  ~ ---------
+    1111 1011
+
+In C: a &= ~(1 << 2);
+
+
+
+a = 0011 0100
+       ^------------ möchte ich invertieren (umklappen)
+
+    0011 0100
+  ^ 0001 0000  <---- bitweises Exklusiv-Oder mit "Maske"
+    ---------
+    0010 0100
+
+Maske herstellen: Die Zahl 1 nach links schieben
+
+    0000 0001  <---- "Bit 0 gesetzt"
+ <<         4  <---- um 4 nach links schieben
+    ---------
+    0001 0000  <---- "Bit 4 gesetzt"
+
+In C: a ^= 1 << 4;

20241121/blink-0.c

+#include <avr/io.h>
+
+int main (void)
+{
+  DDRD = 0x40;   /* binär: 0100 0000 */
+  PORTD = 0x40;  /* binär: 0100 0000 */
+  while (1);
+  return 0;
+}

20241121/blink-0.hex

+:100000000C9434000C943E000C943E000C943E0082
+:100010000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0068
+:100020000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0058
+:100030000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0048
+:100040000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0038
+:100050000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0028
+:100060000C943E000C943E0011241FBECFEFD8E04C
+:10007000DEBFCDBF0E9440000C9444000C940000F1
+:0C00800080E48AB98BB9FFCFF894FFCF61
+:00000001FF

20241121/blink-00.txt

+#include <avr/io.h>
+
+int main (void)
+{
+  DDRD = 0x40;   /* binär: 0100 0000 */
+  PORTD = 0x40;  /* binär: 0100 0000 */
+  while (1);
+  return 0;
+}
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> gcc -Wall -O3 blink-0.c -o blink-0
+blink-0.c:1:10: fatal error: avr/io.h: Datei oder Verzeichnis nicht gefunden
+    1 | #include <avr/io.h>
+      |          ^~~~~~~~~~
+compilation terminated.
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> locate avr/io.h
+/home/peter/bo/2012ws/es/ausarbeitungen/platz/ethersex-lightbarrier/core/host/avr/io.h
+/home/peter/src/arduino-1.8.2/hardware/tools/avr/avr/include/avr/io.h
+/usr/lib/avr/include/avr/io.h
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> gcc -I /usr/lib/avr/include/avr -Wall -O3 blink-0.c -o blink-0
+blink-0.c:1:10: fatal error: avr/io.h: Datei oder Verzeichnis nicht gefunden
+    1 | #include <avr/io.h>
+      |          ^~~~~~~~~~
+compilation terminated.
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> gcc -I /usr/lib/avr/include -Wall -O3 blink-0.c -o blink-0
+In file included from blink-0.c:1:
+/usr/lib/avr/include/avr/io.h:623:6: warning: #warning "device type not defined" [-Wcpp]
+  623 | #    warning "device type not defined"
+      |      ^~~~~~~
+blink-0.c: In function ‘main’:
+blink-0.c:5:3: error: ‘DDRD’ undeclared (first use in this function)
+    5 |   DDRD = 0x40;   /* binär: 0100 0000 */
+      |   ^~~~
+blink-0.c:5:3: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
+blink-0.c:6:3: error: ‘PORTD’ undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean ‘PORT0’?
+    6 |   PORTD = 0x40;  /* binär: 0100 0000 */
+      |   ^~~~~
+      |   PORT0
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121>

20241121/blink-01.txt

+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> avr-gcc -Wall -Os -mmcu=atmega328p blink-0.c -o blink-0
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> ./blink-0
+bash: ./blink-0: Kann die Binärdatei nicht ausführen: Fehler im Format der Programmdatei
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> ls -l blink-0
+-rwxr-xr-x 1 peter peter 6440 21. Nov 13:00 blink-0
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121>

20241121/blink-02.txt

+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> avr-objcopy -O ihex blink-0 blink-0.hex
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> ls -l blink-0.hex
+-rw-r--r-- 1 peter peter 410 21. Nov 13:02 blink-0.hex
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> cat blink-0.hex
+:100000000C9434000C943E000C943E000C943E0082
+:100010000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0068
+:100020000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0058
+:100030000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0048
+:100040000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0038
+:100050000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0028
+:100060000C943E000C943E0011241FBECFEFD8E04C
+:10007000DEBFCDBF0E9440000C9444000C940000F1
+:0C00800080E48AB98BB9FFCFF894FFCF61
+:00000001FF
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121>

20241121/blink-03.txt

+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> avrdude -P /dev/ttyACM0 -c arduino -p m328p -U flash:w:blink-0.hex
+
+avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
+avrdude: device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
+avrdude: Note: flash memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed.
+         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
+avrdude: erasing chip
+avrdude: reading input file blink-0.hex for flash
+         with 140 bytes in 1 section within [0, 0x8b]
+         using 2 pages and 116 pad bytes
+avrdude: writing 140 bytes flash ...
+
+Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.06 s
+
+avrdude: 140 bytes of flash written
+avrdude: verifying flash memory against blink-0.hex
+
+Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.03 s
+
+avrdude: 140 bytes of flash verified
+
+avrdude done.  Thank you.
+
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121>

20241121/blink-04.txt

+#include <avr/io.h>
+
+#define F_CPU 16000000l
+#include <util/delay.h>
+
+int main (void)
+{
+  DDRD = 0x01;
+  PORTD |= 0x01;
+  while (1)
+    {
+      _delay_ms (500);
+      PORTD &= ~0x01;
+      _delay_ms (500);
+      PORTD |= 0x01;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> avr-gcc -Wall -Os -mmcu=atmega328p blink-1.c -o blink-1
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> avr-objcopy -O ihex blink-1 blink-1.hex
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121> avrdude -P /dev/ttyACM0 -c arduino -p m328p -U flash:w:blink-1.hex
+
+avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
+avrdude: device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
+avrdude: Note: flash memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed.
+         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
+avrdude: erasing chip
+avrdude: reading input file blink-1.hex for flash
+         with 178 bytes in 1 section within [0, 0xb1]
+         using 2 pages and 78 pad bytes
+avrdude: writing 178 bytes flash ...
+
+Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.06 s
+
+avrdude: 178 bytes of flash written
+avrdude: verifying flash memory against blink-1.hex
+
+Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.03 s
+
+avrdude: 178 bytes of flash verified
+
+avrdude done.  Thank you.
+
+cassini/home/peter/bo/2024ws/hp/20241121>
+

20241121/blink-1.c

+#include <avr/io.h>
+
+#define F_CPU 16000000l
+#include <util/delay.h>
+
+int main (void)
+{
+  DDRD = 0x01;
+  PORTD |= 0x01;
+  while (1)
+    {
+      _delay_ms (500);
+      PORTD &= ~0x01;
+      _delay_ms (500);
+      PORTD |= 0x01;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}

20241121/blink-1.hex

+:100000000C9434000C943E000C943E000C943E0082
+:100010000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0068
+:100020000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0058
+:100030000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0048
+:100040000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0038
+:100050000C943E000C943E000C943E000C943E0028
+:100060000C943E000C943E0011241FBECFEFD8E04C
+:10007000DEBFCDBF0E9440000C9457000C940000DE
+:1000800081E08AB9589A2FEF89E698E121508040A3
+:100090009040E1F700C0000058982FEF89E698E102
+:1000A000215080409040E1F700C00000EBCFF89471
+:0200B000FFCF80
+:00000001FF

20241121/download.sh

+port=$(ls -rt /dev/ttyACM* | tail -1)
+echo avrdude -P $port -c arduino -p m328p -U flash:w:$(ls -rt *.hex | tail -1)
+avrdude -P $port -c arduino -p m328p -U flash:w:$(ls -rt *.hex | tail -1) 2>/dev/null

20241121/hp-20241121.tex

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 % Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License along with this
 % document.  If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/>.
 
-% README: Bibliotheken einbinden und verwenden, Callbacks, make
+% README: Bibliotheken einbinden; Hardwarenahe Programmierung: I/O-Ports
 
 \documentclass[10pt,t]{beamer}
 

20241128/Makefile

+%.elf: %.c
+	avr-gcc -Wall -Os -mmcu=atmega328p $< -o $@
+
+%.hex: %.elf
+	avr-objcopy -O ihex $< $@
+
+download:
+	./download.sh

20241128/Makefile-1

+philosophy: philosophy.o answer.o
+	gcc philosophy.o answer.o -o philosophy
+
+answer.o: answer.c answer.h
+	gcc -Wall -O answer.c -c
+
+philosophy.o: philosophy.c answer.h
+	gcc -Wall -O philosophy.c -c

20241128/Makefile-2

+TARGET = philosophy
+OBJECTS = philosophy.o answer.o
+HEADERS = answer.h
+CFLAGS = -Wall -O
+
+$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
+	gcc $(OBJECTS) -o $(TARGET)
+
+answer.o: answer.c $(HEADERS)
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) answer.c -c
+
+philosophy.o: philosophy.c $(HEADERS)
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) philosophy.c -c
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJECTS) $(TARGET)

20241128/Makefile-3

+TARGET = philosophy
+OBJECTS = philosophy.o answer.o
+HEADERS = answer.h
+CFLAGS = -Wall -O
+
+$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
+	gcc $(OBJECTS) -o $(TARGET)
+
+%.o: %.c $(HEADERS)
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) $< -c
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJECTS) $(TARGET)

20241128/answer.c

+#include "answer.h"
+
+int answer (void)
+{
+  return 23;
+}

20241128/answer.h

+extern int answer (void);

20241128/aufgabe-1.c

+#include <string.h>
+
+int fun_1 (char *s)
+{
+  int x = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < strlen (s); i++)
+    x += s[i];
+  return x;
+}
+
+int fun_2 (char *s)
+{
+  int i = 0, x = 0;
+  int len = strlen (s);
+  while (i < len)
+    x += s[i++];
+  return x;
+}